Potted History: the BC Years

• Dinosaurs bite dust 10m BC
• Lucy 2m BC
• Cave paintings 50,000 BC
• Pyramids
• Confucius
• Mesopotemians
• 1500 BC Early Greek civilization
• Babylonians & Egyptians
• 1000BC Ionians develop basic geometry, mathematics & astronomy.
• Euclid
• Plato
• Aristotle
• Etruscans
• 753 (21.4) Romulus & Remus found Rome.
• 550 (approx) Buddhism originated in India by Gautama.
• 479BC Confucius died
• 323 Death of Alexander the Great, aged 32, after conquoring most of the East.'Living God'. Major influence on Eastern & Western religions.
• c300 Roman republic
• 221BC First united Chinese Empire under Qin Shi Huangdi.
• Cleopatra
• 49 Roman republic becomes Empire under Julius Ceasar
• 44 Julius Caesar killed by Brutus
• 44-31 Triumpherate, Mark Antony. Octavius. Carassis rule empire.
• 43 BC Cicero, orator, writer + Statesman dies.
• 31 Gaius Octavius (Caesar Augustus - J.C. nephew) becomes Roman Emperor after defeating Mark Antony at Actium.

Potted History: 1900 to 2000ad

• 1900 (30.11) Oscar Wilde dies in Paris
• 1901 (1.1) Australia becomes a Federation. Before each state was seperate colony.
• 1901 Marconi sends S from Newfoundland to Cornwal.
• 1901 (21.1) Death of Queen Victoria-accession of Edward vii
• 1901 Picasso's 1st exhibition in Paris.
• 1902 (July) 1st Tour de France
• 1903 Wright brothers fly
• 1904 Puccini's opera Madam Butterfly premieres in Milan.
• 1905 Einstein theory of relativity.
• 1911 End of Chinese Empire.
• 1910 Chanel opens salon in Rue Cambon.
• 1912 Titanic sinks.
• 1913 Apolphe Pegond jumps from aircraft at 200m & becomes 1st to successfully use parachute.
• 1914 WW1
• Klimt
• 1916 1st battle of Somme. Lasted 5mths, 1million dead. Gained allies just 325 sq km.
• 1917 (oct) Tzar Nicholas of Russia executed.
• 1925 A.A. Milne writes Winnie-the-Pooh.
• 1928 Mickey Mouse debuts in Steamboat Willie.
• 1928 Philo Farnsworth invents electronic TV
• 1929 Stock market crash.
• End of Raj in India?
• 1929 Arthur Ransome writes Swallows and Amazons
• 1930? George Orwell writes 1984.
• 1939-45 WW2
• 1941 Orson Welles directs Citizen Kane.
• 1941 (7.12) Pearl Harbor
• 1941 (11.12) Hitler declares war on USA.
• 1944 Allied forces liberate Paris after 4yrs of Nazi occupation.
• 1945 (7.8) U.S. drops atom bombs on Hiroshima - 117 000 casualties.
• 1945 (30.4) Adolf Hitler commits suicide.
• 1947 Christian Dior introduces the New Look.
• 1950s Eniac 1st computer.
• 1951 Catholic church permits discussion of evolutionalist principles.
• 1952 Coronation of Elizabeth 2nd
• 1952 Edmond Hilary climbs Everest.
• 1953 (25.12) Tangiwai disaster kills 151.
• 1954 Roger Bannister 1st under 4min mile.
• 1957 USSR launches Sputnic satellite.
• 1959? Louis de Bernieres born.
• 1961 Oral contraceptive becomes available in UK on national health.
• 1961 (12.4) Uri Gagarin in space.
• 1961 (13.8) Berlin Wall erected.
• 1963 (28.8) Martin Luther King gives 'I have a dream' speach.
• 1963 (23.11)JFK shot in Dallas.
• 1965 First large unit of U.S. troops arrive in Vietnam.
• 1967 Dr Christiaan Barnhard preforms first heart transplant.
• 1968 Apollo 8 is launched on its way to man's 1st orbit of the moon.
• 1969 Neil Armstrong on moon.
• 1971 Coco Chanel died (b19.10.1883 Saumur, France)
• 1972? Stanley Kubrick makes 2001
• 1973 (8.4) Picasso dies age 92.
• 1974 Nixon resigns after Watergate.
• 1979 Margaret Thatcher becomes 1st female P.M. of Britian
• Berlin wall falls.
• 1980 John Lennon murdered in New York.
• 1984 Labour Government under David Lange defeated Muldoon's National government.
• 1985 Rainbow Warrior bombed in Auckland harbour.
• 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster.
• 1993 U.S.A. enters war in the Middle East.
• 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union - 11 of 12 former Republics proclaim birth of Commonwealth of Indep. States
• 1997 Britain hands over Hong Kong to the Chinese.
• 1999 (1.6) Estimated world popn. 6 billion.

Potted History: 1800 to 1900ad

• 1800 Population of the world estimated at 1 billion.
• 1814 Napoleon exiled to Elba - Burboun reign restored.
• 1815 Napoleon defeated by British & Prussian forces at battle of Waterloo.
• 1818 (to 1848) Emily Bronte.
• 1819 Factory act passed in Britain - no children under 9, under 16 less than 12hrs per day in textile mills.
• 1821 Napoleon Bonaparte dies in exile in St Helena.
• Napolean III crowned.
• 1831 (27.12) Darwin sets sail on Beagle for 5years.
• 1837 Queen Victoria take throne. (1819-1901)
• 1840 The Treaty of Waitangi signed.
• 1840 Potato famine in Ireland begins (lasts through to 1851)
• 1840 Deportation of convicts to Australia officially ends. ?
• 1843 Hong Kong proclaimed a British crown colony.
• 1844 Samuel Morse sends message from Washington to Baltimore.
• 1846 Anesthetic 1st used in a Massachusetts Hospital.
• 1851 (12.8) Isaac Singer granted patent on his Sewing Machine.
• 1859 Darwin publishes 'Origins of the species'.
• 1860 Paris commune.
• 1861 - 1865 American civil war.
• End of slavery in the USA.
• 1864 Waikato Wars
• 1865(26.5) end of U.S. Civil War.
• 1867 Alfred Nobel demonstrates dynamite in England
• Louis Pastor.
• 1874 (b.30.11) - 1965 Winston Churchill
• 1877 Edison records + plays back sound.
• 1879 (1.1) Edison demonstrates light bulb.
• 1880 Ned Kelly is wounded & captured.
• 1881 (25.10) Pablo Picasso born in Malaga, Spain.
• 1887 (12.8) Edison makes 1st sound recording of 'Mary had a little lamb'.
• William Morris
• Liberty opens in London.
• Bell conducts 1st successful telephone experiments.
• Charles Worth goes to Paris.
• 1889 Eiffel Tower opened in Paris.
• 1893-7 Penny Farthing the rage.
• 1896 Marconi makes prototype radio

Potted History: 1000 to 1800ad

• Richard Lion Heart comes to Rule Britain (French)
• 1066 Battle of Hastings
• 1066-87 Rule of William the Conqueror
• 1076 Irnerius rediscovers the Roman Digest of Law in Bologne.
• 1086 Doomsday book compiled for William the Conqueror.
• 1098 after 5mth siege Antioch falls to Crusaders.
• Ghengis Khan sweeps across Poland,Hungry defeating Europe's best.
• 1215 King John signs Magna Carta granting more liberty to his barons.
• 1314 Robert the Bruce crushes the English under Edward 11 at Battle of Bannockburn.
• 1347 The Black Death hits Europe. In less than 20 years 1/2 popn. of Europe dead.
• 1397 Medici start lending money internationally. Begins Italian Renaissance.
• 1429 English are defeated by French forces lead by Joan of Arc at seige of Orleans.
• 1450s Guttenburg develops 1st printing press.
• ? First books printed in English by Caxton.
• 1490s? Leonardo di Vinci
• Templars stamped out by the French
• 1492 Columbus discovers the Americas
• 1509 Henry 8th ascends the throne.
• Catherine of Aragon(d1536) - Mary1
• Anne Bolyne(ex1536) -Elizabeth1
• Jane Seymour(d1537) - Edward.vi
• Anne of Cleves (d1557)
• Catherine Howard (ex1542)
• Catherine Parr (d 1548)
• 1514 Copernia proposes that the earth rotates around the sun.
• 1515? Luther nails list on church door
• 1527? Death of Machiavelli.
• 1531 Henry 8th breaks from Rome to form Church of England.
• 1533 Atahualpa, king of the Inca, executed by Pizarro, after paying ransom of 1 room gold + 2 of silver
• 1547 Death of Henry 8th (b1509)
• 1547 Edward vi takes throne (1537-53)
• 1553 Rule of 'Bloody' Queen Mary i. (1516-58)
• 1558 Elizabeth i. reign. (1533-1603)
• 1564 (21.4) Shakespeare born
• 1566 French astrologer, physician & prophet Nostradamus dies.
• 1587 Mary Queen of Scots beheaded
• 1558 (23.7) British forces assemble to combat the Spanish Armarda.
• 1591 Galileo takes up of Prof. of Mathematics of Padua.
• 1603 James i (vi Scotland) takes crown. (1566-1625)
• 1611 Henry Hudson, famous for trying to find Asian route via Arctic, set adrift in Hudson bay by mutineers.
• 1613 The Globe Theatre burns down.
• 1616 (18.4) Death of Shakespeare (51yrs)
• 1619 First Africans brought to America by Dutch, the beginning of slavery.
• 1620 (21.12) Pilgrims go ashore from the Mayflgwer at Plymouth.
• 1625 Charles i. to throne. (1600-beheaded 1649)
• 1644 Cromwell's forces defeat British royalists..
• 1649 Charles ii.-restored 1660. (1630- 85)
• 1653 (16.12) Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England Scotland + Ireland.
• ?Reformation in England.
• 1666 Fire of London.
• 1688 William + Mary offered joint monarchy over England + Holland.
• 1687 Isaac Newton publishes Principia Mathematica, 20 years after apple.
• The Mayflower
• 1720s onward - good weather in Eng. for 30yrs.=popn. increase + slave trade money +.technology = industrial revolution.
• 1753 Benjamin Franklin flew kite to prove lightning was electricity.
• 1759 m2 chronometer perfected
• 1765 Watt patents steam engine
• 1767 James Hargreaves invents spinning jenny.
• 1769 Cook 'discovers' New Zealand
• American Declaration of Independence.
• 1769? Napolean Bonaparte born in Corsica.
• 1773 (16.12) American colonists stage Boston Tea Party.
• 1775-1817 Jane Austen.
• 1780s? Alessandro Volta produces 1st battery in Italy.
• 1789 (14.7)The storming of the Bastille marks the start of the French revolution.
• 1789 George Washington inaugurated,
• 1792 (30.11) British & Americans sign peace articles in Paris ending American Revolution.
• 1799? Napoleonic era
• Victory in northern Italy , Austria
• Victory (?) in Egypt.
• French lose almost entire navy to English near Alexandria.
• Napoleon named 1st consul
• Crowned as Emperor.

Potted History: 0 to 1000ad

• 14 Augustus dies aged 75 years.
• 14 Tiberius becomes Roman Emperor. Died 16.3.37 aged 78, loathed by his people.
• 33ish Ben Hur
• 37 Gaius (Caligula) Roman Ruler aged 24 - assassinated 24.1.41
• 37 Paul converted from persecutor of Christians to Missinary on the road to Damascus.&
• 41 Claudius (b1.10.10bc)
• 54 Death of Claudius - succession of his stepson Nero.
• 60 Uprising against Romans in Britian lead by Boudicca.
• 68 (8.6) end of Julio-Claudian line when Nero kills himself. Galba becomes Princeps.
• 68-69 The year of 4 Caesars. Nero, Galba, Otho, then Vespasian.
• 70 The great Temple in Jerusalem sacked by Roman troops, lead by Titus (son of Emporor Vespasian.)
• 79 Vespasian dies & is succeeded by son Titus. (First time 'natural' succession)
• 79 (24.8) Mt Vesuvius erupts.
• 138 Hadrian dies.
• 158 Taupo erupts
• 408 Roman legions withdraw from Britannia.
• 410 Collapse of Roman Empire with the sacking of Carthage.
• 500 King Arthur (regional leader) resists invaders at battle of Mt Badgn (Dorset).
• 622 Mohammed begins his flight from Mecca to Medina.
• 700ish? founding of Islam
• 711 Moors invade Spain.
• 750 Charlemagne ressurects standards of learning through monasteries with 7 principles of learning
• 860s onward. Beginning of the Viking invasion of England - which lead toward unification of kingdoms in resistance.
• 900(approx) Invention of the plough.
• 973 Edgar claims crown of England, Scotland & Isles. First United Kingdom.